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ababoneleli Steel
Yenziwa nini intsimbi engenastainless?
Intsimbi engatyiwayo yinto ekhoyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi lethu lanamhlanje, esetyenziswa kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwizixhobo zotyando ukuya kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba le ngxubevange yezinto ezininzi yenziwa nini okokuqala?
Impendulo inokukothusa. Iinjineli zale nqanawa zasebenzisa uhlobo olutsha lwentsimbi olwalukwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zolwandle. Babengazi ukuba le ntsimbi yayiza kuguqula ishishini kwaye ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
Ngoko, yenziwa nini intsimbi engatyiwayo? Makhe sihlolisise imbali enika umdla yalo mbandela.
Ngubani owasungula intsimbi engatyiwayo?
Ukuveliswa kwentsimbi engatyiwayo kwenziwa nguHarry Brearley, ingcali yesinyithi yaseSheffield, eNgilani. Ngowe-1913, wanikwa umsebenzi wokukhangela indlela yokuthintela imipu ukuba ingagqwali. Emva kovavanyo olubanzi, uBrearley wafumanisa ukuba ukongeza ichromium kwintsimbi kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, ngaloo ndlela ivelisa into esiyaziyo ngoku njengentsimbi engatyiwayo.
Ngelixa uBrearley kuthiwa wavelisa intsimbi engatyiwayo, yayingenguye yedwa owayesebenza kule ngxaki. Ezinye izazinzulu ezininzi, kubandakanya uLeon Guillet eFrance, babezama ukongeza ichromium kwintsimbi ngaxeshanye.
Ukuveliswa kwentsimbi engatyiwa kwaliguqula ishishini kwaye kwavula amathuba amatsha okuvelisa. Namhlanje, insimbi engenasici yinto esetyenziswayo yonke indawo kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusuka kwizixhobo zasekhishini ukuya kwi-skyscrapers.
Ababoneleli bensimbi engenasici badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini, banikezela ngezinto eziluhlaza kubavelisi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngokuzinzileyo kweemveliso zensimbi ezingenasici. Imfuno yentsimbi engenastainless iyaqhubeka nokukhula, kunye nemfuno ekhulayo evela kumashishini afana neemoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokwakha.
Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa bekukho izazinzulu ezininzi ezisebenza kwingxaki yentsimbi enganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion, uHarry Brearley uzukiswa ngokubanzi ngokuqamba insimbi engenasici. Ukufunyaniswa kwakhe kwavula amathuba amatsha okwenziwa kwemveliso kwaye kube nefuthe elihlala lihleli kushishino nakuluntu luphela.
Yintoni eyenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Intsimbi engatyiwa sisixhobo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye esetyenziswa ngokubanzi eyaziwa ngokuxhathisa ukubola, ukuqina, kunye nokomelela kwayo. Yi-alloy eyenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya intsimbi, ikhabhoni, ichromium, kunye nenickel, phakathi kwezinye. Ukubunjwa ngokuchanekileyo kwensimbi engenasici kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwibakala elithile, kodwa awona manqanaba aqhelekileyo yi-austenitic, ferritic, kunye ne-martensitic.
I-Austenitic stainless steel, lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu, yenziwe ngentsimbi, ikhabhoni, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu echromium kunye nenickel. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-nickel kunye ne-chromium ayinika ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo, oko kuyenza ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanywa izixhobo zokulungisa ukutya, izixhobo zonyango, kunye neendawo zemoto.
Insimbi engenasici yeFerritic, equlethe amanqanaba asezantsi enickel kunye namanqanaba aphezulu echromium kune-austenitic stainless steel, inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo kodwa i-ductility esezantsi kunye nokuqina. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokukhupha iimoto kunye nezixhobo zombane.
Intsimbi ye-Martensitic iqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu ekhabhoni kune-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic stainless steel, eyinika ubunzima obukhulu kunye namandla. Nangona kunjalo, inokumelana ne-corrosion ephantsi kunezinye iindidi ezimbini, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwizicelo apho amandla abaluleke kakhulu kunokumelana nokubola, njengezixhobo zokusika kunye neemela.
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zintathu ziphambili zensimbi engenasici, kukho kwakhona i-duplex kunye nemvula eqinisa iintsimbi ezingenasici, ezineepropati ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ababoneleli bensimbi abangenasici banikezela uluhlu olubanzi lwamabakala kunye neentlobo zetsimbi yensimbi, nganye inokwakheka kwayo kunye neempawu. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ibakala elifanelekileyo kunye nohlobo lwensimbi engenasici kwisicelo ngasinye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Yenziwa njani intsimbi engatyiwayo?
Insimbi engagqwali yialloyi eyenziwe ngentsimbi, ichromium, i-nickel, kunye nezinye izinto, ezinobuncinci be-10.5% umxholo wechromium ngobunzima. Ukubunjwa ngokuchanekileyo kwensimbi engenasici kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeka kwibakala elithile kunye nesicelo esijoliswe kuyo.
Intsimbi engatyiwa ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-melting and casting. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetyenziswa ekrwada, kuquka isinyithi esilahliweyo, intsimbi ekrwada, ichromium, i-nickel, nezinye izinto ezixutywayo, zinyibilika kwiziko elikhulu lombane. Isiphumo sesinyithi esityhidiweyo sisulungekiswa ukufezekisa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezifunwayo kwaye kususe nakuphi na ukungcola.
Emva kokuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sisulungekisiwe, siphonswa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neefom, kuquka imivalo, amashiti, iipleyiti kunye neekhoyili. Ezi fom ke zithunyelwa kubaboneleli bentsimbi engenastainless abalungisa kwaye bazenzele kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ukwakhiwa, iimoto, i-aerospace, kunye nezonyango.
Kukho nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa isinyithi esingenasici, kubandakanywa umgubo wesinyithi kunye nokucoca i-electroslag, ezisetyenziselwa ukudala ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo ezineempawu ezizodwa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuvelisa, umgangatho kunye nokuhambelana kwensimbi engenasici kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiingcali kunye namava ababoneleli bensimbi abangenasici ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho, njenge-spectroscopy kunye ne-X-ray fluorescence, inokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa okufunwayo kunye nokucoceka kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokwenza insimbi engenasici inzima kwaye ifuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwiinkcukacha kwinqanaba ngalinye. I-alloy ephumayo inika uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo, kubandakanywa amandla aphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, kunye nesibheno sobuhle, okwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Lithini ikamva lentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Insimbi engagqwali yinto esetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo kumashishini abanzi, kubandakanya ukwakhiwa, iimoto, i-aerospace, kunye nokhathalelo lwezempilo. Njengoko imfuno ehlala ixesha elide, i-corrosion-resistant, kunye nezixhobo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ziqhubeka zikhula, ikamva lensimbi engenasici libonakala liqaqambile.
Enye indawo yokukhula kwensimbi engenasici kushishino lweemoto, apho isanda kusetyenziswa izinto ezikhaphukhaphu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. Ukongeza, ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwezithuthi zombane kulindeleke ukuba konyuse imfuno yentsimbi engatyiwayo ngenxa yombane wayo ophezulu.
Kushishino lokwakha, intsimbi engenastainless isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiifacade, uphahla, kunye nezinto zangaphakathi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nobuhle bayo. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo ezizinzileyo, ezifana neepaneli zelanga kunye nophahla oluluhlaza, ngenxa yokumelana nokubola kunye nokukwazi ukumelana neemeko zemozulu ezinzima.
Kwishishini lezempilo, insimbi engenasici yinto ekhethiweyo yezixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo ngenxa ye-biocompatibility kunye nokulula kokucoca. Ngabantu abagugayo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yokhathalelo lwezonyango, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici kukhathalelo lwezempilo kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuphuhliswa kwamabakala amatsha ensimbi engenasici kunye neepropati eziphuculweyo, ezifana nokonyuka kwamandla kunye nokumelana nokubola, kukwaqhuba ukukhula kwishishini. Ababoneleli bentsimbi engenasici bahlala betyala imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso ukwenza izinto ezintsha ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zabathengi babo.
Ukuqukumbela, ikamva lensimbi engenasici libukeka lithembisa njengoko liqhubeka liyinto ekhethwayo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhubekayo ngokutsha kunye nophuhliso, insimbi engenasici iya kuqhubeka inika izisombululo kwimingeni ejongene namashishini namhlanje nakwixesha elizayo. Njengoko ababoneleli bensimbi engenasici beqhubeka besebenzela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi babo, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwensimbi engenasici ayinasiphelo.
Zeziphi iimpawu zentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Insimbi engenasici yintsimbi exutywe kakhulu kwaye ithandwa kakhulu esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zezicelo, ukusuka kwizixhobo zendlu ukuya kwizixhobo zoshishino. Iyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezizodwa, ezenza ukuba imelane kakhulu nokuhlwa, ukubola, kunye nomonakalo wobushushu, kunye nokuqina kunye nokomelela kwayo.
Enye yeempawu eziphambili zensimbi engenasici kukuchasa kwayo okuphezulu kwi-corrosion. Oku kungenxa yobukho bechromium kwi-alloy, eyenza umaleko obhityileyo, owenziweyo weoksidi kumphezulu wesinyithi oyikhuselayo kwizinto zokusingqongileyo ezifana neoksijini kunye nokufuma. Oku kwenza intsimbi engatyiwayo ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwindawo apho ukudleka kuyinkxalabo, njengamashishini olwandle kunye namashishini okulungisa imichiza.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo nayo ixhathisa kakhulu ekungcoleni nasekutshintsheni umbala. Oku kungenxa yokwakheka kwe-alloy, equka izinto ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum, ezithintela isinyithi ukuba singaphenduli kunye ne-acids okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukubola okanye ukubola.
Ukongeza kwi-corrosion kunye nokumelana kwayo ne-stainless stainless, insimbi engenasici nayo inokumelana nobushushu obugqwesileyo, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu obunje ngee-oveni zoshishino kunye neziko. Ikwanexesha eliphakamileyo kwaye yomelele, inamandla aphezulu okuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kunye nokukrazula.
Ezinye iipropathi zensimbi engenasici ziquka ukubunjwa kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, okuvumela ukuba kube lula ukubunjwa kunye nokubunjwa kwiifom ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu. Ikwacoceke kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukuba isetyenziswe kumashishini onyango kunye nemveliso yokutya, apho ucoceko nogutyulo luyimfuneko.
Ngokubanzi, indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yensimbi engenasici yenza ukuba ibe yinto enqwenelekayo kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Ababoneleli bensimbi engenasici baqhubeka bephuhlisa kwaye baphucule i-alloy ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthandwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kunye nempumelelo.
Zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Insimbi engenasici yimpahla eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo, ukusuka kulwakhiwo ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zentsimbi engatyiwa, nganye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu.
Enye yeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zensimbi engenasici yi-Austenitic stainless steel, equkethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-chromium kunye ne-nickel. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kwaye luqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasekhitshini, kwizixhobo zonyango, nakwimibhobho.
Olunye uhlobo lwensimbi engenasici yiFerritic stainless steel, eyenziwe ngentsimbi kunye nechromium. Olu hlobo lwentsimbi luyimagnethi kwaye lunomgangatho ophantsi wokumelana ne-corrosion xa kuthelekiswa ne-Austenitic stainless steel.
Intsimbi ye-Martensitic yolunye uhlobo oluqulunqwe yichromium, ikhabhoni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nickel. Inomgangatho ophezulu wamandla kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimela, izikere, kunye neebhleyidi zomoya.
I-Duplex yensimbi engenasici ngumxube we-Austenitic kunye neFerritic yensimbi engenasici, ebonelela ngokulinganisela kwamandla kunye nokumelana nokubola. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali, ioli kunye negesi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwandle.
I-precipitation-hardening steel stainless luhlobo oluphathwa ubushushu ukwandisa amandla ayo. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ze-aerospace, njengezixhobo zenqwelomoya.
Ababoneleli bensimbi engenasici banikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwensimbi engenasici luneempawu zalo ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwabo, abavelisi banokukhetha olona hlobo lufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile.
Isishwankathelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zensimbi engenasici ziquka iAustenitic, Ferritic, Martensitic, Duplex, kunye nePrecipitation-hardening steel stainless steel. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza iipropati ezizodwa kunye neempawu, okwenza insimbi engenasici ibe yinto eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ababoneleli bensimbi engenasici banokunceda abavelisi bakhethe uhlobo olungcono lwensimbi engenasici kwizicelo zabo ezithile, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Ngawaphi amashishini asebenzisa intsimbi engatyiwayo?
Insimbi engenasici yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukudityaniswa kwayo okukhethekileyo kweepropathi ezinje ngokumelana nomhlwa, amandla, ukuqina, kunye nesibheno sobuhle kuyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwizicelo ezininzi zamashishini.
Elinye lawona mashishini aphambili asebenzisa intsimbi engenasici lishishini lokwakha, apho lisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, iibhulorho kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Amandla ensimbi engenastainless kunye nokuqina kwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwezi zicelo, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho ukubola kuyinkxalabo.
Olunye ushishino olusebenzisa intsimbi engatyiwayo lushishino lweemoto, apho lusetyenziselwa iinxalenye ezifana neenkqubo zokuphuma, i-trim, kunye negriles. Ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi engatyiwa ngumhlwa kunye nobushushu kwenza kube lukhetho oludumileyo kwezi zicelo.
Ishishini lezonyango lixhomekeke kakhulu kwinsimbi engenasici, esetyenziselwa izixhobo zotyando, ukufakelwa kwezonyango, kunye nezixhobo ezifana ne-MRI scanners. I-biocompatibility yensimbi engenastainless, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, kunye neempawu zokuvala inzala ziyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwezi zicelo.
Ishishini lokutya kunye nesiselo likwasebenzisa isinyithi esingenasici kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezingasebenziyo kunye nezingenayo ityhefu. Intsimbi engatyiwayo isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezifana noomatshini bokulungisa ukutya, iitanki, kunye neenkqubo zokubhobhoza.
Amanye amashishini asebenzisa intsimbi engenastainless aquka ishishini le-aerospace, apho isetyenziselwa amacandelo eenqwelo-moya, kunye neshishini laselwandle, apho isetyenziselwa iinxalenye zamaphenyane kunye nezixhobo ze-oyile ezikude nonxweme.
Ababoneleli ngentsimbi engenastainless badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngemathiriyeli yentsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu kula mashishini. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yensimbi engenasici kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ababoneleli bensimbi abangenasici bahlala behlaziya ukubonelela ngezinto ezintsha kunye neziphuculweyo ezinezakhiwo ezingcono kunye nokusebenza.
Ukuqukumbela, intsimbi engenastainless yimathiriyeli eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo ngokudityaniswa kwayo okukhethekileyo kweempawu. Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yezinto eziphezulu zokusebenza, ikamva lensimbi engenasici libukeka lithembisa, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba liqhubeke libe yinto ethandwayo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Itshintshe njani intsimbi engatyiwayo ekuhambeni kwexesha?
Insimbi engenasici luhlobo lwensimbi olusetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Ukusukela ekuyilweni kwayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, intsimbi engenastainless iye yatshintsha kakhulu ngokwendlela yokubunjwa, inkqubo yokuvelisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukwenziwa kokuqala kwentsimbi engatyiwayo kubandakanye ukongeza ichromium kwintsimbi ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nokubola. Kamva, ezinye izinto ezifana ne-nickel, i-molybdenum, kunye ne-nitrogen zongezwa ukuphucula iimpawu zayo. Ezi zongezo zibangele ukuphuhliswa kwamabakala ahlukeneyo ensimbi engenasici, nganye ineempawu ezikhethekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, ukuqaliswa kwe-duplex steel stainless steel kwaguqula ishishini. I-Duplex yensimbi engenasici iqulethe indibaniselwano elungeleleneyo ye-austenite kunye ne-ferrite, ekhokelela ekuphuculeni amandla kunye nokumelana nokubola. Olu phuhliso lwenze ukuba kufakwe izicelo ezitsha, ezifana nokuveliswa kweoli kunye negesi elwandle.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji kuye kwaphucula ngakumbi iipropathi zensimbi engenasici. Ngokomzekelo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-alloys ephezulu kwenze ukuba kube lula ukuvelisa amacandelo ensimbi engenasici enokumelana neemeko ezinzima ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neendawo ezinobundlobongela.
Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engenasici nako kuye kwavela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoku isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, ukusuka kulwakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango kunye ne-aerospace. Kwishishini leemoto, insimbi engenasici isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokukhupha, iitanki zepetroli, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina.
Lilonke, intsimbi engenastainless ihambe indlela ende ukususela ekuyilweni kwayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kuye kwenza ukuba ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngophando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso, kulindeleke ukuba insimbi engenasici iya kuqhubeka nokuguquka kwaye ifumane izicelo ezintsha kwixesha elizayo.
Ababoneleli bentsimbi engenasici badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveleni kwentsimbi engenasici. Banikezela ngezinto eziluhlaza, iinkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nobuchule bobugcisa obuyimfuneko ukuvelisa iimveliso zensimbi ezingenasici. Ngenkxaso yabanikezeli bensimbi engenasici, abavelisi banokuqhubeka betyhala imida yezinto ezinokwenzeka ngale nto iphawulekayo.
Yintoni ubungakanani bemarike yentsimbi engatyiwayo?
Intsimbi engatyiwa sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka ulwakhiwo, uthutho, kunye nokuvelisa. Ngokwengxelo yoPhando lweGrand View, ubungakanani bemakethi yentsimbi yehlabathi jikelele buxabisa i-USD 111.4 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2020 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiweyo (CAGR) se-6.3% ukusuka ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2028. ukwanda kwemfuno yentsimbi engatyiwayo kuqoqosho oluphuhlayo olufana neTshayina, iIndiya, neBrazil.
Ukukhula kwemarike yensimbi engenasici kunokubalelwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engenasici kwicandelo lolwakhiwo lokwakha iifacade, uphahla kunye nokugquma, kunye nakwicandelo lemveliso yokuvelisa iinxalenye zeemoto, izixhobo zombane, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino. Ukongeza, ukunyuka kwemfuno yentsimbi engatyiwayo kwishishini leoli kunye negesi kwimibhobho, iitanki zokugcina, kunye nezixhobo zokomba kukwanegalelo ekukhuleni kwemarike.
Ababoneleli ngentsimbi engenastainless bakwazisa neemveliso ezintsha nezintsha ukukhawulelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, amanqanaba aphezulu ensimbi engenasici afana ne-duplex kunye ne-super duplex steel stainless steel aphuhliswa ukuze asetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-offshore oil kunye ne-gas platforms kunye nezityalo zokulungisa imichiza.
Nangona kunjalo, imarike yensimbi engenasici ijongene nemingeni efana nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-nickel kunye ne-chromium, eziyinxalenye yentsimbi engenasici. Ukongeza, ubukho bezinto ezibambeleyo ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nekhabhoni fiber composite nazo zinokubeka isoyikiso ekukhuleni kwemarike.
Ukuqukumbela, imarike yensimbi engenasici kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwiminyaka ezayo, iqhutywa kukunyuka kwemfuno yensimbi engenasici kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokuqaliswa kweemveliso ezintsha kunye nezintsha ngababoneleli bentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, imarike ikwajongene nemingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuzinzileyo.
isiphelo
Ukuqukumbela, insimbi engenasici iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka. Ukususela ekuyilweni kwayo okokuqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, iye yatshintsha, yaphuculwa yaye yahambela phambili. Ukuveliswa kwensimbi engenasici kwaguqula ishishini lokuvelisa kwaye kwavula indlela yezicelo ezininzi ebezingenakwenzeka ngezinye izinto.
Njengoko sele sibonile, iipropathi zensimbi engenasici ziyenza ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, kubandakanywa ukwakhiwa, iimoto, unyango kunye ne-aerospace. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zensimbi engenasici ezikhoyo namhlanje zivumela usetyenziso olukhethekileyo ngakumbi kwaye zinokumelana neyona ndawo inzima kakhulu.
Ngaphaya koko, njengoko iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo zisanda, ukukwazi ukuphinda kusetyenziswe intsimbi engatyiwayo kuye kwabaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Insimbi engenasici inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokungapheliyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iipropati zayo, iyenze ibe yinto ezinzileyo kunye ne-eco-friendly.
Ubungakanani bemarike yensimbi engenasici iyaqhubeka ikhula njengoko izicelo zayo kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno. Ukuvela kwabaxhasi bensimbi engenasici kuye kwanceda ukuba le nto ifikeleleke ngakumbi kumashishini abo bonke ubukhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inzuzo yayo inokuyonwabela wonke umntu.
Isishwankathelo, ukuveliswa kwensimbi engenasici kuye kwaba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bethu kwaye kuya kuqhubeka ukwenza njalo kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko iteknoloji nenzululwazi zihambela phambili, sinokulindela kuphela ukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi kwicandelo lentsimbi engatyiwayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe lixesha elinomdla kubenzi, ababoneleli, kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo.
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